Research paper of Afro-American Music Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Afro-American Music - Research Paper Example He began to sing about his opportunity which was given to him after the decree of freedom. Blues music rose from this period. During the previous days blues was called society blues. Numerous blues artists landed positions in amusement gatherings and troupes and shows. Later on down home music picked up prominence which brought about blues artists incorporating blue grass music into their singing which later on formed into a nation situated blues style (Ruehl) Jazz music began its movement in New Orleans. Impromptu creation is the most characterizing highlight of this kind of music. Conceived in the south of America this music perceives the agony of lost love, unfairness, and offers articulation to the triumph of enduring a messed up heart just as looking down difficulties. It was the extraordinary melodic custom of New Orleans that mixed people, African drumming, church music, jazz, blues and so forth, jazz music was conceived (History of jazz ). Jazz and blues music have loads of likenesses together. Truth be told both are tangled and it is extremely hard to isolate them. Both of the music has risen up out of the southern piece of America. It was a lot of mainstream with the Afro-American populace of that district. The melodic types of both jazz and blues are because of the crash of customarily African rhythms and with that of European traditional and society music. Both jazz and blues are darling and interestingly American types of music. The real causes of both jazz and blues can't be found absolutely. They are very covered. This is on the grounds that these sorts of music were produced out of destitution and the people who created them didn't realize that the music would get mainstream later on. In any case, both these music structures can be identified with African-American spirituals and with that of tunes sung by slaves at work places. These music contained early mixes of European - African music. .Both jazz and blues music were once viewed as music of the fiend. These sorts of

Casablaca Movie Review essays

Casablaca Movie Review expositions Casablanca is as I would like to think probably the best film ever, uniting magnificent on-screen characters, imaginative craftsmen and an ideal story. Since such a significant number of audits and studies have been done on Casablanca it is difficult to move toward it with a certified touch so in a manner this is an examination finished with every one of those purpose of perspectives utilized as a source and mixed together. Casablanca was granted three Academy grants in 1943 for Best Screenplay, Best Picture and Best Director subsequently perceiving the characteristics that Casablanca has. The main lament about this film concerning the honors and acknowledgment it got is that basically no affirmation was made of Ingrid Bergman perfect acting. The survey of the expert pundit I am remembering for this investigation is of Tim Dirks one of the most eminence pundits: The work of art and much-adored sentimental acting Casablanca (1942), constantly found on top-ten arrangements of movies, is a magnificent story of two men competing for a similar lady's affection in an adoration triangle. The tale of political and sentimental undercover work is set against the background of the contention among vote based system and authoritarianism. With rich and smoky air, hostile to Nazi promulgation, Max Steiner's sublime melodic score, tension, life-changing characters and paramount lines of exchange (e.g., Here's lookin' at you, kid, and the mistakenly cited Play it once more, Sam), it is one of the most mainstream, mysterious (and faultless) movies ever - concentrated on the subjects of lost love, respect and obligation, altruism and sentiment inside a disorderly world. Woody Allen's Play It Again, Sam (1972) paid respectful reverence to the film, as have the lesser movies Cabo Blanco (1981) and Barb Wire (1996), and the energized Bugs Bunny short Carrotblanc a (1995). Dirks, Tim Casablanca (1942), A survey by Tim Dirks. Michael Curtiz; of Hungarian starting point and late worker, was the Director and one of the individual from the inventive group answerable for the achievement of... <!

How Long Should My Resume Be

How Long Should My Resume Be There are many articles out there on the topic of how long your resume should be. Two that were informative for me are  How Long Should My Resume Be?,  from Great Resumes Fast, and  Resumes for Executive Jobs Tips on Length, Formatting and Style,  by Matthew Rothenberg of TheLadders. My guideline is that if you are a new graduate, your resume should be one page if at all possible. If you have 10 years of work experience, it will probably be two pages. I recommend always having a one-page resume at the ready if you are expecting to work with recruiters. I disagree a bit with the formatting advice from TheLadders. I do not like underlining or changes in font size as a formatting tool. I much prefer the option of Small Caps which you will find under the font menu. Its a great way to create emphasis. Remember, even though you probably wont include graphics in your resume (other than perhaps some nice lines and tasteful shading), your resume is a  work of art. Print it out and make sure it looks professional! Its likely that if you underlined a lot and multiple font sizes you will change your mind quickly about your artistic choice when you look at the document in hard copy.

The History and Love Story of the Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a breathtaking white-marble mausoleum commissioned by Mughul emperor Shah Jahan for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River near Agra, India, the Taj Mahal took 22 years to build and finally reached completion in 1653. This exquisite monument, considered one of the New Wonders of the World, astounds visitors for its symmetry, structural beauty, intricate calligraphy, inlaid gemstones, and magnificent garden. More than just a memorial in the name of a spouse, the Taj Mahal was a declaration of lasting love from Shan Jahan to his departed soulmate. The Love Story It was in 1607 that Shah Jahan, grandson of Akbar the Great, first met his beloved. At the time, he was not yet the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire. Sixteen-year-old Prince Khurram, as he was then called, flitted around the royal bazaar, flirting with the girls from high-ranking families that staffed the booths.   At one of these booths, Prince Khurram met Arjumand Banu Begum, the 15-year-old young woman whose father was soon to be the prime minister and whose aunt was married to Prince Khurram’s father. Although it was love at first sight, the two were not allowed to marry right away. Prince Khurram first had to marry Kandahari Begum. He later took a third wife as well. On March 27, 1612, Prince Khurram and his beloved, to whom he gave the name Mumtaz Mahal (â€Å"chosen one of the palace†), were married. Mumtaz Mahal was beautiful as well as smart and tender-hearted. The public was enamored with her, in no small part because she cared for the people. She diligently made lists of widows and orphans to ensure that they were given food and money. The couple had 14 children together but only seven lived past infancy. It was the birth of the 14th child that would kill Mumtaz Mahal. The Death of Mumtaz Mahal In 1631, three years into Shah Jahan’s reign, a rebellion led by Khan Jahan Lodi was underway. Shah Jahan took his military out to the Deccan, about 400 miles from Agra, in order to crush the usurper. As usual, Mumtaz Mahal accompanied Shah Jahan’s side despite being heavily pregnant. On June 16, 1631, she gave birth to a healthy baby girl in an elaborately decorated tent in the middle of the encampment. At first, all seemed to be well, but Mumtaz Mahal was soon dying. The moment Shah Jahan received word of his wife’s condition, he rushed to her side. Early in the morning on June 17, just one day after the birth of their daughter, Mumtaz Mahal died in her husbands arms. She was buried right away according to Islamic tradition near the encampment at Burbanpur. Her body would not stay there long. Reports say that in Shah Jahan’s anguish, he went to his own tent and cried for eight days without ceasing. When he emerged, he was said to have aged considerably, sporting white hair and glasses. Bringing Mumtaz Mahal Home In December 1631, with the feud against Khan Jahan Lodi won, Shah Jahan asked that Mumtaz Mahals body be dug up and brought 435 miles or 700 kilometers to Agra. Her return was a grand procession with thousands of soldiers accompanying her body and mourners lining the route. When the remains of Mumtaz Mahal reached Agra on January 8, 1632, they were temporarily buried on land donated by nobleman Raja Jai Singh. This was near where the Taj Mahal would be built. Plans for the Taj Mahal Shah Jahan, filled with grief, poured his emotion into designing an elaborate and expensive mausoleum that would bring all those that had come before it to shame. It was also unique in that it was the first large mausoleum dedicated to a woman. Although no primary architect for the Taj Mahal is known, it is believed that Shah Jahan, passionate about architecture himself, worked on the plans directly with the input and aid of a number of the best architects of his time. The intention was for the Taj Mahal, â€Å"the crown of the region†, to represent Heaven, Jannah, on Earth. Shah Jahan spared no expense in making this happen. Building the Taj Mahal The Mughal Empire was one of the richest empires in the world at the time of Shah Jahans reign, and this meant that he had the resources to make this monument incomparably grand. But though he wanted it to be breathtaking, he also wanted it erected quickly. To speed up the production, an estimated 20,000 workers were brought in and housed nearby in a town built especially for them called Mumtazabad. Both skilled and unskilled craftsmen were contracted. Builders first worked on the foundation and then on the giant, 624-foot-long plinth or base. This would become the base of the Taj Mahal building and the pair of matching red sandstone buildings that would flank it, the mosque and guest house. The Taj Mahal, sitting on a second plinth, was to be an octagonal structure constructed of marble-covered brick. As is the case for most large projects, the builders created a scaffolding in order to build higher. Their choice of bricks for this scaffolding was unusual and remains perplexing to historians. Marble White marble is one of the most striking and prominent features of the Taj Mahal. The marble used was quarried in Makrana, 200 miles away. Reportedly, it took 1,000 elephants and an untold number of oxen to drag the extremely heavy marble to the building site. For the massive marble pieces to reach to higher spaces of the Taj Mahal, a giant, 10-mile-long earthen ramp was built. The Taj Mahal is topped with a huge double-shelled dome that stretches 240 feet and is also covered in white marble. Four thin, white marble minarets stand tall at the corners of the second plinth and surround the mausoleum. Calligraphy and Inlaid Flowers Most pictures of the Taj Mahal show only a large white building. Though still lovely, this doesnt do the real structure justice. These photos leave out intricacies and it is these details that make the Taj Mahal astoundingly feminine and opulent. On the mosque, guest house, and large main gate at the southern end of the complex appear passages from the Quran or Koran, the holy book of Islam, written in calligraphy. Shah Jahan hired master calligrapher Amanat Khan to work on these inlaid verses. Masterfully done, the finished verses from the Quran are inlaid with black marble. They are a stately yet soft feature of the building. Although made of stone, the curves mimic real handwriting. The 22 passages from the Quran are said to have been chosen by Amanat Khan himself. Interestingly, Amanat Khan was the only person who Shah Jahan allowed to sign his work on the Taj Mahal. Almost more impressive than the calligraphy are the delicate inlaid flowers found throughout the Taj Mahal complex. In a process known as parchin kari, highly-skilled stone cutters carved intricate floral designs into the white marble and then inlaid these with precious and semi-precious stones to form interwoven vines and flowers. There are 43 different kinds of precious and semi-precious stones used for these flowers and they came from around the world. These include lapis lazuli from Sri Lanka, jade from China, malachite from Russia, and turquoise from Tibet. The Garden Islam holds the image of Paradise as a garden. Thus, the garden at the Taj Mahal was an integral part of making it Heaven on Earth. The Taj Mahal’s garden, which is situated to the south of the mausoleum, has four quadrants. These are divided by four â€Å"rivers† of water (another important Islamic image of Paradise) that gather in a central pool. The gardens and rivers were filled by the Yamuna River via a complex underground water system. Unfortunately, no records remain to tell the exact plants in these gardens. Shah Jahans Death Shah Jahan remained in deep mourning for two years and never fully healed after the death of his favorite wife. This gave Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan’s fourth son Aurangzeb the opportunity to successfully kill his three elder brothers and imprison his father. After 30 years as emperor, Shah Jahan was usurped and placed in the luxurious Red Fort in Agra in 1658. Forbidden to leave but with most of his usual luxuries, Shah Jahan spent his final eight years gazing out a window at the Taj Mahal. When Shah Jahan died on January 22, 1666, Aurangzeb had his father buried with Mumtaz Mahal in the crypt beneath the Taj Mahal. On the main floor of the Taj Mahal above the crypt now sits two cenotaphs (empty public tombs). The one in the center of the room belongs to Mumtaz Mahal and the one just to the west is for Shah Jahan. Surrounding the cenotaphs is a delicately-carved, lacy marble screen. Originally it had been a gold screen but Shah Jahan had that replaced so that thieves would not feel tempted to steal it. Destruction of the Taj Mahal Shah Jahan was wealthy enough to support the Taj Mahal and its mighty maintenance costs, but over the centuries, the Mughal Empire lost its riches and the Taj Mahal fell into ruins. By the 1800s, the British ousted the Mughals and took over India. The Taj Mahal was dissected for its beauty—the Britch cut gemstones from its walls, stole silver candlesticks and doors, and even tried to sell the white marble overseas. It was Lord Curzon, the British viceroy of India, who put and to this. Rather than looting the Taj Mahal, Curzon worked to restore it. The Taj Mahal Now The Taj Mahal has once again become a magnificent place with 2.5 million visitors each year. People can visit during the daytime and watch as the white marble appears to take on different hues throughout the day. Once a month, visitors have the opportunity to make a short visit during a full moon to see how the Taj Mahal seems to glow from the inside out in the moonlight. The Taj Mahal was placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1983, but this protection has not guaranteed its safety. It is now at the mercy of pollutants from nearby factories and excessive humidity from the breath of its visitors.   Sources DuTemple, Lesley A.  The Taj Mahal. Lerner Publications Company, 2003.Harpur, James, and Jennifer Westwood.  The Atlas of Legendary Places. 1st ed., Weidenfeld Nicholson, 1989.Ingpen, Robert R., and Philip Wilkinson.  Encyclopedia of Mysterious Places: The Life and Legends of Ancient Sites Around the World. Metro Books, 2000.

Periodicity Definition in Chemistry

Cornucopia of Disability Information Free Essays

When we attempt to label people with disabilities we are faced with a very broad spectrum of issues and concerns. There are millions of people suffering from various disabilities. The number of disabled individuals world-wide is sky-rocketing. We will write a custom essay sample on Cornucopia of Disability Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we consider the connection between self-esteem and social pressures for a disabled individual, how many variables must be considered in determining the emotional drawbacks associated in the attempts at social adaptation and self-esteem for a disabled person? There are over 50% of our over-65 years of age individuals that have some level of a disability. That’s 32 million people! On top of this, 33 million people of all ages are labeled as severely disabled and in need of special day-to-day assistance. Cancer and heart disease are the leading causes of impairment in the United States. Chronic pain suffers accounts for 86 million Americans, which falls in line behind cancer and heart disease. When we look at long-term severe disabilities, stroke is the leader. Here’s a few more statistics: †¢ 1. 5 million Americans experience traumatic brain injury annually †¢ About 11,000 United States individuals suffer traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) †¢ Approximately 230,000 people live with SCI in the United States Some individuals have unique stresses that hinder strong self-esteem. First, it’s critical to point out that a disability can range from dyslexia to mental illness to physical and cognitive impairments. They may have physical handicaps, attention deficit problems, or emotional disturbances. This can be compounded social pressure of ethnicity, race, or even environmental issues such as poverty or alcoholism in a family. However, regardless of someone’s setback in life—whether they are verbal or non-verbal, suffer emotional disturbances, or paralysis—everyone can develop positive self-esteem. How a person feels about themselves is the catalyst toward making a happy, successful life. For, every individual has a right to be happy. It’s a choice, not something you have to earn. No one can ever take that away from someone. Unless the social pressures of adapting to society gets in the way. The late Christopher Reeve is an excellent example of someone who never allowed a physical disability to alter his smiling presence. Mr. Reeve believed that there is something positive to be gained out of every experience in life. His loss of motor functioning did not alter the empowering self-esteem he carried to his dying day. Even when the odds were stacked against him, he continued to promote how valuable life is, and he cherished it. Self-esteem, however, for many people suffering from disabilities can cause havoc on their own life. Emotions can drain people to a state where they physically shutdown, losing desire. This desire can be in direct relation to social pressure. For our youth, peer pressure can have an overwhelming impact on performance, both in school and on the home front. For individuals who suffer from a learning disability, their differences, regardless of how small or large, can magnify the issue of social pressures. Once the social pressure is felt, its emotional weight can create other problems. There is a connection between social pressures and low self-esteem; For, we must also consider environmental and social stresses like poverty, neglect, or parents suffering from alcoholism. All of this can destroy a disabled person’s self-esteem. These environmental concerns and social pressures can take its toll and destroy hope. Sometimes hope is the main factor fueling disabled people as they attempt to hurdle life’s self-esteem challenges. An individual with poor self-esteem might be more inclined to settle for lesser accomplishments, both, in the classroom settings and in life. He or she may suffer through humiliation, depression, and lack of ability to earn respect from others. At the same time, low self-esteem can make a disabled person seek favor from social groups to gain a sense of belonging. Many times, however, this may not be positive or healthy. For example, drug and alcohol abuse can pressure any individual, and those with disabilities face even greater challenges due to the separation they feel through social pressures in peer groups. Hearing impairment, for example, in some disabled individuals can lead to denial. As a hearing impaired individual struggles to socially adapt, he or she is bound to face esteem issues. Here, it’s the social stigma of succeeding in society that fosters this lack of self-esteem. The extra effort required to communicate in society causes social pressure and can, in turn lead to depression. About 100 million people nation-wide—that’s 40%—are affected by hearing loss, in one way or another. This statistic is rather staggering. For the disabled population, hearing loss create a greater percentage of psychological problems than other disabilities. True, it is apparent that there is a connection between self-esteem and social pressure but there are underlying problems that must be considered. Firstly, part of dilemma surrounding disabled individuals in relation to self- esteem and social pressures is unsubstantiated—the results are mixed. This inconsistency is based on parental perceptions (Gresham Reschly, 1986; Sater French, 1989), teacher perceptions (Bursuck, 1989; McKinnery, McClure, Feagan, 1982), and peer perceptions (Garrett Crump, 1980; Kistner Gatlin, 1989; Vaughan, Hogan, Kouzekanani, Shapiro, 1990). Among the above three perceptions, some of the studies found positive results and some were negative. Thus, according to these statistics, there is conclusive evidence that these parallels are unfounded. On top of this, there are also differences found between various males and females in relation to self-concept, as well as students in regular and special education classes. The topic of mainstreaming further blurs this evidence. So, even though self-esteem issues are apparent within the spectrum of the disabled, similar self-esteem issues are apparent in the mainstreamed individual. Thus, it is unfair to label the disability as the reason for low self-esteem. Secondly, from another stance, in order for people to feel self-esteem they must rate themselves against a set of criteria. They rate themselves in comparison to other people’s successes. Often times, people can feel good about themselves if they succeed at something. However, the problem comes when we don’t measure up to that success. Also, is it really hard to feel good about yourself just because you are a kind, decent person? This is another challenge to interpreting self-esteem and how it affects disabled or non-disabled people. Also, what makes a person feel down about themselves? It goes back to the measuring device. So, the act of rating oneself becomes the real issue that can lead to emotional problems such as depression. It’s the measuring device that sets up loss of self-esteem. When we consider all this, the whole issue surrounding self-esteem and social pressure becomes more of an issue of an individual and himself, and not an issue of how social pressures affect an individual and his self-esteem. How to cite Cornucopia of Disability Information, Papers

Why Is Act 3, Scene 1 a Turning Point in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Why Is Act 3, Scene 1 a Turning Point in Romeo and Juliet? Paper O Romeo, Romeo. Brave Mercutios dead! shouts Benvolio in despair, informing Romeo that Mercutio had become the first fatality in a scene which shows that it is the heart of the play, and a main turning point in Shakespeares first tragedy. Leading to Romeos vengeance and eviction. This act exaggerates a twist of moments and is at the brink of Romeo and Juliet. This is what makes Romeo and Juliet one of the Shakespeares famous quartet of tragedies. Act 3, scene 1 has the most powerful and exiting words in the play. It contains the passionate and explosive words of Mercutio and the calming phrases of Benvolio. The Language itself is a combination of wit, humor, wordplay, prose, curses and more. Benvolio starts the scene nervously and anxiously with pathetic fallacy, the day is hot and Capulets abroad, speaking to Mercutio in blank verse. Mercutio then replies with no respect speaking in prose using wit and riddles to wind up Benvolio. Benvolios quarto echoes his speech in Act 1, Scene 1. As Tybalt enters, the language changes from random talk of nothingness and dreams to antagonizing wit and bawdy humor. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Act 3, Scene 1 a Turning Point in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Act 3, Scene 1 a Turning Point in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Act 3, Scene 1 a Turning Point in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The scene could easily be a comedy or a romance if it wasnt for what comes up next in this scene. As the first person becomes a victim in a brawl of both fighting and of extremities of language, this is what contributes to the scene being the turning point in the play. This play may a battle between 2 families to get rid of each other, but it is also a battle of wittiness and how smart you are. Romeo and Tybalt fight with words in Act 3, Scene 1 as Tybalt and Romeo argue in uneven 11 syllables Romeo then performs a classic caesura to get one better than him. The context of the speech and language is meaningful, and the way in which the line is read or understood by the audience can change it in many ways. The structure of Act 3, scene 1 is important to how it is a turning point in the play as whole. It plays a role of increased tension and excitement. The scene is arguably split up into 6 sections. The first in which is Tybalt enters and contains a number of 33 lines, it is quite long because Mercutio and Tybalt banter to each to each other with wit. This builds tension a little bit as it reflects back to the very beginning of the play where Benvolio and Mercutio have a conversation that if the Capulets arrive they shall not scape a brawl. The next virtual section is Romeo enters. This contains the varying tension, for example, just before Romeo enters Tybalt says well peace be with you the tension then drops but suddenly rises when he says, here comes my man. As there are only 18 lines in this segment the pace quickens in speed and does the tension and excitement. The longest division however is the Princes judgment, this contains 60 lines as it is descriptive and over viewing with Benvolios speech of plead and the Princes judgment of exile. This structure contains themes on which it may be set up, e.g. Love, violence, death, despair and vengeance. These are the main themes in the scene, however there are a few hidden ones also. Betrayal is one, Mercutio gets betrayed by Romeo as he loves Tybalt. This may also be a flashback as in Act 1 Scene 5 Juliet is betrayed by the nurse. Dramatic Irony is also brought into the structure as a build in tension, the audience know the reasons that Romeo acts affectionate towards Tybalt is because he has just married Tybalts kinsman Juliet. One of the elements of this play is that some of the personalities of the characters change and some do not. For example Benvolio is constant throughout the play and continues to try to peace keep. Whereas Romeos character changes as he becomes the central main lead as Mercutio gets killed off. With this he turns from a loved up naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve child, to a mean killing machine. Mercutio is definitely one of the most popular and entertaining characters within the play. He may be considered a fool of his time. His death shocks most people even the murderer as he becomes the first loss of the play. This is the first peak of what is one of Shakespeares four tragedies. He dominates everyone and always gets one better with his skilled mouth of wit. Tybalt however is quite the opposite. He fights with his physical sense of strength and brutality. He is not one of the most liked in the play as he is cocky and rude. However he may not be as demonized as the play suggests as there is dramatic irony that Tybalt is now a kinsman to Romeo in which he hates. Characters like Capulet and Montague give us a taste of what the ancient grudge is really about. For example on line 182 lady Capulet says Romeo must not live. She orders this to the Prince, the most authorative character in the Play. He declines her request with Immediately we do exile him hence. He is superior and justice. The Prince may be fore the Montague side as Mercutio is a kinsman of the Prince and Romeo is his best friend which may show bias to his character. Elizabethans were flamboyant to look superior, clever, smart and important. They dressed modernly to their time with tights and ruffles around their necks. They also spoke skillfully with many devices such as puns, for example Mercutio, even as he is dying looks for dignity as he says Ask for me to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man. Mercutio is known in this play for using wit like no other, attacking Tybalt for every word he says and for also using bawdy humor to humiliate him. Heres my fiddlestick. Characters like Juliet utilize elaborate language like oxymoron, for example Loving hate makes her words more passionate. Shakespeare also constructs in a few similes and metaphors which expresses their descriptions. One of the most famous devices exploited in the play is Imagery which is expressed many times; the most well known example is in Act 3, Scene 5 when Romeo and Juliet are arguing whether it is night or morning and are painting pictures with their words, talking about larks and nightingales song. It was the lark, the herald of the morn, no nightingale. Romeo also quotes Nights candles are burnt out. This means the stars have gone. Stars and the moon are generally the best renowned imagery in the play. Syntactical inversions are also used in the play to create emphasis on some of the words, or even to create suspense. Juliet is specifically clever with words as she uses double meanings sometimes as she talks to her mother, I never shall be satisfied with Romeo till I behold him; dead is my poor heart. In these lines Juliet is tricking her mother; her thinking that Juliet wants him dead in her arms, Juliet however means that she will not be happy until Romeo is in her arms and dead is her heart till that moment. Devices that could be added are slapstick humor; Shakespeare did not write any stage directions accept exeunt and enter which could give the director big options to change this into his view. Overall, Act 3, Scene 1 is one of many turning points in the play. It is when two main characters are murdered and Romeo changes character. However there are many other turning points in this performance that if never happened would be a comedy act. For example in Act 1, scene 5 when Romeo and Juliet speak for the first time changes the play and gradually introduces Juliet into being a main character.

The Versailles Treaty Put an End to World War I

The Versailles Treaty Put an End to World War I The Versailles Treaty, signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in Paris, was the peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. However, the conditions in the treaty were so punitive upon Germany that many believe the Versailles Treaty laid the groundwork for the eventual rise of Nazis in Germany and the eruption of World War II. Debated at the Paris Peace Conference On January 18, 1919- just over two months after the fighting in World War Is Western Front ended- the Paris Peace Conference opened, beginning the five months of debates and discussions that surrounded the drawing up of the Versailles Treaty.   Although many diplomats from the Allied Powers participated, the big three (Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and  President Woodrow Wilson  of the United States)  were the most influential. Germany was not invited. On May 7, 1919, the Versailles Treaty was handed over to Germany, who was told they had only three weeks in which to accept the Treaty. Considering that in many ways the Versailles Treaty was meant to punish Germany, Germany, of course, found much fault with the Versailles Treaty. Germany did send back a list of complaints about the Treaty; however, the Allied Powers ignored most of them. The Versailles Treaty: A Very Long Document The Versailles Treaty itself is a very long and extensive document, made up of 440 Articles (plus Annexes), which have been divided into 15 parts. The first part of the Versailles Treaty established the League of Nations. Other parts included the terms of military limitations, prisoners of war, finances, access to ports and waterways, and reparations. Versailles Treaty Terms Spark Controversy The most controversial aspect of the Versailles Treaty was that Germany was to take full responsibility for the damage caused during World War I (known as the war guilt clause, Article 231). This clause specifically stated: The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. Other controversial sections included the major land concessions forced upon Germany (including the loss of all her colonies), the limitation of the German army to 100,000 men, and the extremely large sum in reparations Germany was to pay to the Allied Powers. Also enraging was Article 227 in Part VII, which stated the Allies intention of charging German Emperor Wilhelm II with supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties. Wilhelm II was to be tried in front of a tribunal made up of five judges. The terms of the Versailles Treaty were so seemingly hostile to Germany that German Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann resigned rather than sign it. However, Germany realized they had to sign it for they had no military power left to resist. Versailles Treaty Signed On June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germanys representatives Hermann Mà ¼ller and Johannes Bell signed the Versailles Treaty in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles near Paris, France.

Referring to Decades in Spanish

Referring to Decades in Spanish How do you refer to decades (such as the 70s) in Spanish? The most common way to refer to the 70s would be los aà ±os 70 or los aà ±os setenta. Note that when the decade is written numerically, most writers do not precede it by an apostrophe as is usually done in English. (Doing so would usually be seen as an ill-advised imitation of English.)  The 70 forms and the setenta form appear to be used about equally, although the spelled-out version is more common in formal writing. Note that the number of the decade is not made plural. It is also fairly common to use a longer form, la dà ©cada de los setenta, which again is somewhat formal. The longer form also would normally be used when the century isnt clear from the context, as in la dà ©cada de 1870 or, less commonly, la dà ©cada de los 1870. The form la dà ©cada de los 1870s (note the s after the year) is very seldom used. It is possible to use phrases such as los setentas or los cincuentas alone to refer to the 70s and 50s, but it is probably not best to use that form unless you hear it being used by native speakers. Again, these can be seen as anglicisms. The word decenio is also used as a translation for decade. Thus it is possible to say el decenio de los setenta or el decenio de 1970. Decenio is more formal or literary than dà ©cada.

Informative Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative - Speech or Presentation Example My case, like most traffic offenses, did not require my presence in court. Instead, it was handled by a violations bureau that exerted a fine on me without having to appear in court. Traffic offenses, according to Neubauer, and Fradella, refer to a group of offenses involving self-propelled motor vehicles. These violations range from parking violations to improper equipment. Speeding is the most common traffic offense, along with driving without a license and driving with a revoked or suspended license. Traffic offenses are, typically, punishable by a small fine (475). The traffic court, according to Jacques, usually has under, its jurisdiction and control, a violations bureau to handle nonmoving violations, so that you can appear and pay a fine to be fixed by the judge without the requirement of an appearance in court. It would be ideal if the traffic judge could hear the case of each person cited into court for any motor vehicle code violation personally, but this would require a s ubstantial number of additional judges and court personnel. Therefore, it is better that the traffic judge devote his time and attention to those moving violations which are the causes of accidents and delegate to a bureau the duty of collecting a fixed fine in the nonmoving violations (381). Although, in my case, I did not require to go to court, I chose to attend a court case anyway to learn the procedure followed in court cases. As soon as you are put under arrest on suspicion of a crime, you became a defendant. Defendants enjoy several rights, which are; right to presumption of innocence until proven guilty, the right to be informed of your charges, the right to maintain silence, the right to retain an attorney, the right to be assigned an attorney, the right to request a reasonable postponement, the right to or not to testify, the right to call or subpoena a witness and the right to appeal. Once you have your day in court, you should expect several things. First, you should alw ays pay serious attention to what the court staff and the judge are saying. Additionally, you should be aware that all proceedings in the court are recorded, and the judge will always offer an opening statement. After the judge is through with the opening statement, the cases are called out in order starting with a request for postponement, uncontested motion, first arraignment, plea of guilty, plea of not guilty (without an attorney) and plea of not guilty (with an attorney). If you have no attorney, the case can be postponed to give you the opportunity to obtain either a private attorney or a court appointed public defender. In cases involving disputes, the disputes can be solved without having to go in front of a judge through discussions arbitrated by a mediator. You can also choose to enter a plea agreement. This is where you choose to reach a negotiated settlement instead of having to undergo a trial. While entering a plea, you might need to negotiate with the prosecutor or at torney who represents the state. However, all plea agreements must be reviewed and approved by a judge for them to become biding. Bergman, Berman, and Berman-Barrett, state that plea bargaining can be conveniently divided into two forms: sentence and charge bargaining. Sentence bargaining is a plea bargaining type in which the prosecutor agrees to

Statement of Educational Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statement of Educational Philosophy - Essay Example Even if the best quality seed is sown in bad soil and neglected, it withers away. Edward Joyner of Yale University School said that ‘The development of a tree depends on where it is planted†. The same seed, planted in rich soil, if watered and fertilized and taken care of, sprouts and produced rich and luscious fruit. It is in this way that education of a child is to be perceived. It was John Dewey who compared the child to a plant and the teacher to a gardener. This is especially true of children in the lower school grade. They are delicate in mind and body, extremely sensitive, like soft clay that would take any given shape. The shape that they take in this age is set for their lifetime. There is a need to handle them with gentleness and care. This is not the task of the teacher alone. The entire school atmosphere, the efforts of the team ranging from teachers to directors of the institution, the students and their parents, should all be directed towards the single goal of education. The term ‘education’ here is to be taken in its broadest sense, implying not just providing instruction and information, but the development of social, physical, emotional, intellectual, moral and spiritual aspects, and extending in these times to the ‘global’ aspect. All these aspects are wide and varied, and naturally, cannot be fulfilled in the home setting, among parents and a handful of relatives. The school then, is to be like an expanded home, where experts in every field are appointed to make up for what parents alone cannot do. This does not eliminate the role of parents. Teachers, parents and society should all work together. At the same time, children are the national wealth, future human resource of their country. Hence the government also has an equally important role to play in the system of education. It is up to the lower school director to co-ordinate the efforts of all these elements and harness them for the benefit of stude nts. Another side of the picture is that all students come from different socio-economic backgrounds (almost 7 to 8 strata exist ranging from the very poor to the extremely rich). They have individual differences, different learning capacities, different aims, motivations, aptitudes and inclinations. Some also have physical disabilities. It is difficult but essential to treat them as equal, at the same time, catering to their individual needs. A class should be conducted by two teachers at a time. While one explains, the other can assist with the teaching aids and ppt etc. Later, one of them should conduct separate remedial classes for the weaker students. Simultaneously, the other teacher should go deeper into the same topic with the academically brighter students. In this way, the needs of both groups can be fulfilled. Marva Collins said, that the good teacher makes te poor students good and the good students superior. The school provides a wider and more varied social environment compared to a family. Group projects, team games, co-operative learning methods must be introduced. Socialization of children can be taken care of and maladjustment in future can be prevented. This is extremely important considering the fast and easy means of communication. One or two handicapped children must be placed in each class at least for a couple of sessions. This kind of

Andy Warhols Rorschach Paintings

Andy Warhols Rorschach Paintings One of the most important and controversial Pop art icons in America and a major influence to artists around the world, known as The Prince of Pop, Andy Warhol brings an entirely new perspective to the art world. An initiator and leading exponent of the Pop art movement of the 1960s, Warhol achieved success as a commercial artist during the 1950s and steadily grew from their producing works from famous portraits to popular culture, shoes and advertising images (Artquotes.net). Born Andrew Warhola in 1928, Warhol lived and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during very hard times. Andy had contracted a rare disease at the age of 8 called chorea or St. Vitus dance, an illness of the nervous system that could have possibly proven fatal. He would later recover from the illness, but would gain a skin illness that would stay with him for the rest of his life. Son of a Slovakian immigrant, Warhols father was a construction worker who died in accident when Andy was only 13 years old (Artint hepicture.com). During the years following his fathers death his siblings and classmates started to notice an early talent in drawing and painting. After high school Warhol decided he would study commercial art at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh and in 1949 graduated with a major in Pictorial Design (Artinthepicture.com). After graduating he decided to move to New York where he found temporary jobs as an illustrator for magazines and for commercial advertising. From then on his career as an artist excelled and he became one of New Yorks most sought after and successful artists. He held his first one-man show exhibition in 1952 at the Hugo Gallery in New York and soon after became a famous figure in the New York art scene. Starting in 1978, following his sixteen year reign as the Prince of Pop, Warhol made an unexpected decision and decided to try his hand at abstract painting. Abstract Expressionism would be defined as artists who applied paint rapidly with force onto their huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions, the works would release the creativity of the unconscious mind (Artlex.com). The style of the late 1940s and early 1950s was predominantly American and was characterized by its rendering of expressive content by abstract or non-objective means (Sayre 516). Andy Warhols Rorschach,1984 paintings are one of the most intriguing and captivating works of the early 1980s, they display his abstract work in the best Warholian style and cause the viewer to create an image out of their own imagination ( Richard 88-90). The immense Rorschach paintings are massive in scale and required a crew to produce them, a staggering 2010 and were achieved by pouring paint onto one side of the canvas, then folding the canvas down the middle and pressing the two sides together. In all their emptiness and derangement the Rorschach paintings are psychologically and emotionally charged. Warhol had created the series specifically so that the paintings could be analyzed. The ink blot appearance was first produced by Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss Freudian psychiatrist who developed them as a test, which in fact would elicit disclosure of a persons innermost feelings (Newworldencyclopedia.org). It was mainly used on people suffering psychological instability or disorder and even diagnosed mental patients. Always on the prowl for inspiration Warhol used these ink blots in his own works creating the Rorschach series. Warhol was especially interested in mass production, his claim to fame was caused by the use of his rare crea tivity in the visual arts that would be used in mass produced commercial items. Often considered a cousin of avant-garde art, Andys commercial art such as the soapbox covers, soup cans, plastic packing would create and turn the industry into a respectable bona fide art form. The Rorschach series would be an outcome of his earlier work and would also be mass produced. The works are seemingly complex, replete with irony and ornament, history and psychology, intuition and a lot of misunderstanding. Although Warhol showed deliberate ignorance toward the standardized blots of the official Rorschach test, he was obviously intrigued by their serial repetitiveness and formulaic impersonality. With an estimated 38 paintings total in the Rorschach series the immense canvases where not at all produced only with the dark black paint that many remember it for. Warhol experimented with a variety of colors, thus he came to be known for using color field abstraction. Color field paintings, a type o f abstract expressionism, were used by artists who were interested in the lyrical or unique atmospheric effects of vast expanses of color, causing the viewer to be immersed in a color environment (Artlex.com). Many of the famous paintings were bright red, gold and pink; he even created a beautiful mixture of the colors, mixing purple, red and violet, and in another blue, purple and pink in an amazing array to create something extraordinary and abstract. Lusciously colorful or dull black, the works were appealing to a wide range of audiences and would catch the viewers eye immediately upon entering any gallery. Warhol used one major technique in creating his infamous works, an unpopular and rarely used pour and fold technique to conjure up the fleshy physicality of kidneys or lungs (Artnet.com).A particularly unique feature of the prints was that it contained no human touch, the paint was merely allowed to space and settle where ever on the canvas it pleased without any human interference or brushwork, this also would explain the variety of unique prints in the Rorschach series. The symmetrical networks of mainly thick Liquitex Acrylic paint distributed on silk screens created syrupy veins of paint that were easily identifiable and caused a unique distorted image each time. One arguable aspect of his work would also be that he never signed his work; out of all 38 paintings not one would contain his signature. One could say that Warhol was particularly fond of genital imagery, but others would argue that the Rorschach paintings not only represent Warhols demented mind, but contained images o f the devil and even death itself. Horrific atrocities from the gates of hell to a giant taunting mask, not all feedback was negative though, many saw completely opposite and positive imagery in the works, from royalty to giant vases, but no matter what the viewers imagination brought about, each canvas created a feeling that the work would engulf the spectator at any time (McShine 382-383). Warhol was said to have included iconography in his famous works such as the Rorschach series, some images might have been developed to represent something to him personally and to others something entirely different. Iconography would be defined as a pictorial representation of a subject, or the collection of images, or icons illustrating a subject (Artlex.com). He would mainly use it in his earlier works, self portraits of himself with skulls on his head as to depict his own death or murder. Warhols style of work in the Rorschach series was distinctly different from other great players of Pop Art during the era. Working on the subjects he loved and having a strict routine he would turn items of daily use into simplified yet intricate pieces of art. Warhol had worked on this series for a year, which gave him time and a chance to determine the end results. Most of his collection was never shown until after his death. Soon after the completion and major success of the Rorschach paintings, Warhol steadily moved on from his prized series and went on his final adventure in abstraction in 1986 (Glasstire.com). Warhol would play around with camouflage and stretch out the work on canvases as large as thirty feet. He was so fascinated with the endless possibilities and variations of camouflage iconography that he would eventually add it as an incongruous overlay to some of his other series. He then left his so fond abstraction series to continue on with his career with his already popular self portraits and later on The Last Supper series (Glasstire.com). From the day he left the calm environment of his normal work place and entered the very chaotic place of The Factory in 1962, he would mass produce silk screen prints and challenge the difference between high and low art to show the world that art can be found in everyday objects. Warhol would keep pushing the limits of art towards new boundaries that would drastically change the art we see around us today. Andy Warhol had made a permanent mark in the art world and had become a world renowned Pop Art icon. In 1987, the Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts was established in his honor and in May 1994, the Andy Warhol Museum opened in his home town Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Artinthepicture.com). Being a controversial homosexual man that he was with a bizarre personality, he was obsessed by the ambition of getting rich and famous and he knew exactly how he would achieve this from the very first day he stepped into the art world.

Ikea Supplier Selection

Building a sustainable supply chain An IKEA case study Page 1: Introduction [pic] It is easy to think about the present without considering the future. Consumers want more goods and services to improve their standard of living. The problem is they make choices about goods and services that have long-term consequences for the environment. In our modern world, organisations need to show responsibility. This means that they use resources efficiently, do not harm the environment and consider how what they do affects the ability of future generations to meet their needs. [pic] IKEA aims to be a responsible organisation.It sells low-price home furnishing products around the world. These include furniture and accessories for kitchens, bedrooms, living rooms, bathrooms and children†s rooms. IKEA now has stores in 36 countries around the world. It has come a long way in its 60 years of business. IKEA vision The direction for the organisation is provided by its vision. This acts as a gui de for everybody within and outside the organisation about what IKEA wants to achieve. IKEA's vision is ‘To create a better everyday life for the many people. ‘ To meet its vision IKEA provides many well-designed, functional products for the home.It prices its products low so that as many people as possible can afford to buy them. [pic] However, in creating low prices IKEA is not willing to sacrifice its principles. ‘Low price but not at any price' is what IKEA says. This means it wants its business to be sustainable. IKEA supplies goods and services to individuals in a way that has an overall beneficial effect on people and the environment. Customers all over the world have responded positively to IKEA's approach. This is evident in its increasing sales. In 2006 IKEA had a group turnover of nearly 18 billion euros.Page 2: Sectors of industry and sustainable supply chains When consumers go to a retailer like IKEA, they will be looking at the different ranges of pro ducts and how they are presented. They may also look for quality customer service. However, consumers may not be aware that before products reach them, they must move from being raw materials through a variety of stages to become finished products suitable for sale. This is known as the supply chain. [pic]The supply chain involves a flow of production and processes through each of the three industrial sectors: [pic]IKEA takes its responsibilities seriously and organises its operations in order to have a positive effect upon the environment: [pic] †¢ It aims that all the products and materials it takes from the primary sector do not harm the environment. †¢ Its products are manufactured in a responsible way. The case study looks in detail how IKEA has achieved its aim to be a responsible business in each of the three sectors of the supply chain. Page 3: The primary sector [pic] IKEA is not a primary sector organisation but it needs raw materials to develop its products.It t herefore works closely with primary sector suppliers to ensure a sustainable impact on the people and the environment in which it operates. The primary sector involves the development of the raw materials. IKEA designs its own products. At the design stage, IKEA checks that products meet strict requirements for function, efficient distribution, quality and impact on the environment. Low price is one of the main factors that IKEA considers in producing well designed, functional home furnishings available to everyone. IKEA buys products from more than 1,300 suppliers in 50 countries.It uses a number of trading service offices across the world. They negotiate prices with suppliers, check the quality of materials and analyse the environmental impacts that occur through the supply chain. They also keep an eye on social and working conditions at suppliers. Environmental impact [pic] IKEA uses a tool – the ‘e-Wheel' – to evaluate the environmental impact of its products . The e-Wheel helps IKEA to analyse the four stages within the life of a product. This also helps suppliers improve their understanding of the environmental impact of the products they are supplying.Approximately 50% of IKEA's 9,500 products are made from wood or wood fibres. This is a good resource as long as it comes from sustainable sources. It can be recycled and is a renewable resource. [pic] IKEA creates many design solutions to minimise the use of materials. For example: †¢ some tables are made out of recycled plastic †¢ some rugs are made of material clippings that would otherwise be wasted †¢ products such as water cans are designed to be stacked. This means that more can be transported in each load, reducing the number of lorry journeys and therefore lowering fuel costs.Each of these ideas helps IKEA's products to be more sustainable and reduce the impact on the environment. Supplier codes of conduct A key part of IKEA's success is due to its communications with materials' suppliers and manufacturers. During manufacturing IKEA specifies to its producers that waste should be avoided. Where waste does occur IKEA encourages suppliers to try to use it in the manufacture of other products. IKEA has a code of conduct called the IKEA Way of Purchasing Home Furnishing Products (IWAY). This contains minimum rules and guidelines that help manufacturers to reduce the impact of their activities on the environment.The IWAY code complies with international legislation. A product in use should not have a harmful effect upon consumers or their environment. For example, it should not cause allergies. If it uses energy, it should do so efficiently. When a product comes to the end of its useful life, it should be possible to reclaim or recycle the materials that make up the product. Such materials can then be re-used for making other products. Page 4: The secondary sector Manufacturers within the secondary sector create IKEA products from raw materials.A s products move through the supply chain, the process of value-added takes place. [pic] [pic] IKEA designs many of its products so that the smallest amount of resources can make the best products. For example, IKEA saves on resources by using hollow legs in furniture (e. g. the OGLA dining chair). Another example is by using a honeycomb-paper filling material instead of solid wood for the inside of table tops (e. g. the LACK series). As manufacturers or suppliers add value to products, the IWAY code of practice identifies IKEA's minimum requirements.The IWAY code of practice expects suppliers to: †¢ follow national and international laws †¢ not use child labour †¢ not use woods and glues from non-sustainable forests †¢ reduce their waste and emissions †¢ contribute to recycling †¢ follow health and safety requirements †¢ care for the environment †¢ take care of their employees The application of the code raises standards. Each of the requireme nts within the code of conduct helps to develop sustainable business activities. They have a positive impact on the business environment in which the suppliers operate.They also improve the experience of people working for those businesses. To monitor suppliers, IKEA regularly carries out an IWAY audit. This involves talking to employees and inspecting documents and records. IKEA visits suppliers on-site on a number of occasions to ensure that they are following the code of conduct. The code of conduct for suppliers and the work with other organisations underlines IKEA's commitment to ‘low price but not at any price'. Although IKEA wants its customers to enjoy low prices, this should not happen at the expense of its business principles. [pic]Sustainable partnerships In 2000 IKEA formed a partnership with UNICEF to work on a community programme in Northern India. The aim of the work was to prevent child labour by raising awareness and addressing the root causes. IKEA has also f ormed a partnership with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). IKEA and WWF have committed themselves to promoting the sustainable use of natural resources. This helps to ensure that forests can be used both now and in the future. To support sustainable partnerships with suppliers, IKEA works with other organisations. For example, IKEA and WWF actions have led to: a series of training courses for people in Russia, Bulgaria, Romania and China on responsible forest management †¢ the development of forestry plans in China †¢ demonstrations to managers in Latvia on the benefits of responsible forestry All these projects show IKEA's commitment to supporting sustainable practices. Page 5: The tertiary sector [pic] Businesses in the tertiary sector provide a service, such as banking, transportation or retailing. They do not extract the raw materials or make products themselves. 11% of businesses within the UK are retailers.In the tertiary sector, IKEA's retail stores add value to manufa ctured goods by providing a form of shopping different to the usual high-street experience. IKEA has more than 260 stores in over 36 countries. These meet the needs of consumers in a number of different ways: Retailing turnover in the UK was more than ? 250 billion in 2006. †¢ Each IKEA store is large and holds more than 9,500 products giving lots of choice. †¢ Within each store, there are a number of realistic room settings that enable customers to see what the products would look like in their own homes. The IKEA store is built on a concept of ‘you do half, we do half; together we save money'. This refers to, for example, the customer assembling furniture at home. †¢ Customers handpick products themselves using trolleys. †¢ IKEA provides catalogues and home delivery to save customers† time. †¢ IKEA stores have restaurants that provide Swedish dishes alongside local food choices. To make its activities more sustainable, IKEA has set up many loca l UK initiatives: [pic] †¢ In 2006 IKEA UK recycled more than 70% of its waste products. Its goal is to recycle 90% of materials. To reduce environmental impact, in 2006 IKEA UK started to charge for carrier bags. This reduced the use of carrier bags by 95%. In June 2007 IKEA UK removed carrier bags from its stores completely. †¢ In December 2006 IKEA UK gave a brand-new folding bike to each of its 9,000 employees. It also gave subsidised travel tickets to encourage them to travel to and from work on public transport. †¢ IKEA UK has provided low-energy light bulbs to its entire UK workforce and switched its fleet of company cars to low-emission hybrid models. Page 6: Conclusion [pic] IKEA's long-term ambition is to become the leading home furnishing company.However, for IKEA, getting there is not simply about developing profitability and market share. As a global organisation IKEA has chosen to undertake a leadership role in creating a sustainable way of working. It h as educated suppliers to understand how and why sustainable production is vital. This has helped IKEA differentiate itself from its competitors. Consumers are made aware of IKEA's commitment to sustainability through its involvement with many other organisations such as the WWF and UNICEF. IKEA is now considered by both suppliers and consumers to be a responsible company that they can trust.

China Population Growth of the Worlds Largest Country

With a population estimated at 1.4 billion people as of 2017, China  clearly ranks as the worlds most populous country. With the worlds population approximately 7.6 billion, China represents 20% of the people on Earth. Policies the government has implemented over the years may well result in China losing that top ranking in the near future.   Effect of the New Two-Child Policy Over the last few decades, Chinas population growth had been  slowed by its  one-child policy, in effect since 1979. The government introduced the policy as part of a wider program of economic reform. But because of the imbalance between the aging population and number  of young people, China changed its policy  effective for 2016 to allow two children to be born per family. The change had an immediate effect, and the number of babies born that year was up 7.9%, or an increase of 1.31 million babies. The total number of infants born was 17.86 million, which was a little lower than projections when the two-child policy was enacted but still represented an increase. In fact, it  was the highest number since 2000. About 45% were born to families who already had one child, though not all one-child families will have a second child, some because of economic reasons, as reported by the Guardian from the governments family planning commission report. The family planning commission expects between 17 to 20 million babies to be born each year for the following five years. Long-Term Effects of the One-Child Policy As recently as 1950, Chinas population was a mere 563 million. The population grew dramatically through the following decades to 1  billion in the early 1980s. From 1960 to 1965, the number of children per woman was about six, and then it crashed after the one-child policy was enacted. The aftereffects mean that the population overall is aging rapidly, causing issues for its dependency ratio, or the number of workers projected to be supporting the amount of elderly in the population, which was 14% in 2015 but is expected to grow to 44% in 2050. This will put a strain on social services in the country and may mean that it invests less, including in its own economy. Projections Based on Fertility Rate Chinas 2017  fertility rate is estimated to be 1.6, which means that, on average, each woman gives birth to 1.6 children throughout her life. The necessary total fertility rate for a stable population is 2.1; nonetheless, Chinas population is expected to remain stable until 2030, even though there will be 5 million fewer women of childbearing age.  After 2030, Chinas population is expected to decline slowly. India Will Become the Most Populous By 2024, Chinas population is expected to reach 1.44 billion, as is Indias. After that, India is expected to surpass China as the worlds most populous country, as India is growing more quickly than China. As of 2017, India has an estimated total fertility rate of 2.43, which is above replacement value.

Understanding French Future Perfect - Futur antérieur